![]() ![]() Rather, humans, through selective reproduction, had the ability to control their own future evolution. Darwin had concluded his explanations of evolution by arguing that the greatest step humans could make in their own history would occur when they realized that they were not completely guided by instinct. The advancement of eugenics was concurrent with an increasing appreciation of Darwin’s account for change or evolution within society-what contemporaries referred to as social Darwinism. This fundamental knowledge of heredity provided eugenicists-including Galton, who influenced his cousin Charles Darwin-with scientific evidence to support the improvement of humans through selective breeding. However, his work was largely ignored until its rediscovery in 1900. His experiments with peas demonstrated that each physical trait was the result of a combination of two units (now known as genes) and could be passed from one generation to another. In 1865 the basic laws of heredity were discovered by the father of modern genetics, Gregor Mendel. Galton, in Hereditary Genius (1869), proposed that a system of arranged marriages between men of distinction and women of wealth would eventually produce a gifted race. Later, Italian philosopher and poet Tommaso Campanella, in City of the Sun (1623), described a utopian community in which only the socially elite are allowed to procreate. 378 bce) depicts a society where efforts are undertaken to improve human beings through selective breeding. Early historyĪlthough eugenics as understood today dates from the late 19th century, efforts to select matings in order to secure offspring with desirable traits date from ancient times. However, it ultimately failed as a science in the 1930s and ’40s, when the assumptions of eugenicists became heavily criticized and the Nazis used eugenics to support the extermination of entire races. By World War I many scientific authorities and political leaders supported eugenics. The term eugenics was coined in 1883 by British explorer and natural scientist Francis Galton, who, influenced by Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection, advocated a system that would allow “the more suitable races or strains of blood a better chance of prevailing speedily over the less suitable.” Social Darwinism, the popular theory in the late 19th century that life for humans in society was ruled by “survival of the fittest,” helped advance eugenics into serious scientific study in the early 1900s. Some states sterilized disabled or otherwise marginalized individuals until the 1970s, but most hospitals involved haven’t acknowledged their responsibility.Įugenics, the selection of desired heritable characteristics in order to improve future generations, typically in reference to humans. The first of these laws passed in Indiana in 1907. The American eugenics movement gave rise to laws that mandated the sterilization of-by some estimates-as many as 60,000 disabled people in more than 30 states. SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! ![]() Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians.COVID-19 Portal While this global health crisis continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to better understand how to respond today.Student Portal Britannica is the ultimate student resource for key school subjects like history, government, literature, and more.This Time in History In these videos, find out what happened this month (or any month!) in history.#WTFact Videos In #WTFact Britannica shares some of the most bizarre facts we can find.Demystified Videos In Demystified, Britannica has all the answers to your burning questions.Britannica Classics Check out these retro videos from Encyclopedia Britannica’s archives.Britannica Explains In these videos, Britannica explains a variety of topics and answers frequently asked questions.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |